# To re-generate, run "cd man/po; make update-po" msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2026-06-22 21:39-0500\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. (itstool) path: author/firstname msgid "Julianne Frances" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/surname msgid "Haugh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/contrib msgid "Creation, 1990" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/firstname msgid "Thomas" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/surname msgid "Kłoczko" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/email msgid "kloczek@pld.org.pl" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/contrib msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/firstname msgid "Nicolas" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/surname msgid "François" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/email msgid "nicolas.francois@centraliens.net" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/contrib msgid "shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "chage" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo msgid "User Commands" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo msgid "shadow-utils" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo msgid "4.20.0-rc2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "change user password expiry information" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg msgid "options" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "LOGIN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title msgid "DESCRIPTION" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command changes password expiration information for a user. It sets the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change. This information is used by the system to determine when the user must change their password." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable msgid "OPTIONS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> command are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--lastday" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "LAST_DAY" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "0" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Set the date when the password was last changed. The value can be specified as a date in the YYYY-MM-DD format or as a number of days since 1970-01-01. The date is interpreted using the UTC timezone. If the <_:replaceable-1/> is set to <_:emphasis-2/>, the user is forced to change their password upon the next login." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "-1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Passing the value <_:emphasis-1/> or an empty string as the <_:replaceable-2/> clears the value and removes the password change requirement." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-E" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--expiredate" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "EXPIRE_DATE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Set the date on which the user's password expires and their account will no longer be accessible. The value can be specified as a date in the YYYY-MM-DD format or as a number of days since 1970-01-01. The date is interpreted using the UTC timezone. If the password expires, the user must contact the system administrator to regain access to the system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "For example, the following command sets an account to expire in 180 days:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/programlisting msgid "chage -E $(date -d +180days +%F)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Passing the value <_:emphasis-1/> or an empty string as the <_:replaceable-2/> removes the account expiration date." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-h" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "--help" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Display help message and exit." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-i" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--iso8601" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "When printing dates, use YYYY-MM-DD format." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-I" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--inactive" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "INACTIVE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked. The <_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days of inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as the <_:replaceable-2/> will remove an account's inactivity." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-l" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--list" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Show account aging information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-m" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--mindays" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "MIN_DAYS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Set the minimum number of days between password changes to <_:replaceable-1/>. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-M" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--maxdays" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "MAX_DAYS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-W" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When <_:replaceable-1/> plus <_:replaceable-2/> is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the <_:option-3/> option, which provides the user with advance warning." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Passing the number <_:emphasis-1/> as <_:replaceable-2/> will remove checking a password's validity." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-R" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--root" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "CHROOT_DIR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. Only absolute paths are supported. No SELINUX support." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-P" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--prefix" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "PREFIX_DIR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory <_:replaceable-1/>. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. No SELINUX support." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--warndays" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "WARN_DAYS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The <_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "[ ]" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If none of the options are selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of <_:emphasis-2/> marks." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title msgid "NOTE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> program requires a shadow password file to be available." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password file. This implies that configuration from other sources (e.g. LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user's login will not be shown in the chage output." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command msgid "pwck" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> program will also not report any inconsistency between the shadow and passwd files (e.g. missing x in the passwd file). The <_:command-2/> can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command is restricted to the root user, except for the <_:option-2/> option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title msgid "CONFIGURATION" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/login.defs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior of this tool:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title msgid "FILES" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "/etc/passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "User account information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "/etc/shadow" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Secure user account information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title msgid "EXIT VALUES" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "success" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "permission denied" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum msgid "2" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "invalid command syntax" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "15" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "can't find the shadow password file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command exits with the following values: <_:variablelist-2/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title msgid "SEE ALSO" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum #. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "5" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable #. (itstool) path: phrase/emphasis #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "shadow" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "chfn" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "change full user name and information" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "finger" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-o" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command changes the user's full name, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for an account in the respective fields of <_:filename-2/>. This information is typically printed by <_:citerefentry-3/> and similar programs. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in <_:filename-4/>. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change any field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the <_:option-5/> option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "other" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the <_:emphasis-1/> field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign. It is also recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers. The <_:emphasis-2/> field is used to store accounting information used by other applications." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If <_:replaceable-1/> is not specified, <_:command-2/> acts on the current user, and prompts for the current user's password." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-f" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--full-name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "FULL_NAME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Change the user's full name." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--home-phone" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "HOME_PHONE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Change the user's home phone number." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--other" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "OTHER" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Change the user's other GECOS information. This field is used to store accounting information used by other applications, and can be changed only by a superuser." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-r" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--room" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "ROOM_NUMBER" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Change the user's room number." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. No SELINUX support." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-u" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-w" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--work-phone" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "WORK_PHONE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Change the user's office phone number." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "[]" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If none of the options is selected, <_:command-1/> operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of <_:emphasis-2/> marks." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Shadow password suite configuration." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "chsh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname msgid "login.defs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/contrib msgid "Creation, 2006" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "chgpasswd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "8" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo msgid "System Management Commands" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "update group passwords in batch mode" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups. Each line is of the format:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "group_name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "password" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted by <_:command-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "ENCRYPT_METHOD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-e" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable msgid "-c" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the <_:option-1/> variable of <_:filename-2/>, and can be overwritten with the <_:option-3/> or <_:option-4/> options." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many accounts are created at a single time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--crypt-method" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: phrase/replaceable msgid "BCRYPT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "<_:replaceable-1/>," msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "DES" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "MD5" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "SHA256" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "SHA512" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: phrase/replaceable msgid "YESCRYPT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "NONE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The available methods are <_:phrase-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>, <_:replaceable-3/>, <_:replaceable-4/>, <_:replaceable-5/>, <_:phrase-6/> and <_:replaceable-7/> if your libc supports these methods." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--encrypted" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-s" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--sha-rounds" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "You can only use this option with crypt method: <_:phrase-1/> <_:replaceable-2/> <_:replaceable-3/> <_:phrase-4/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "By default, the number of rounds for BCRYPT is defined by the BCRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and BCRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <_:filename-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "A minimal value of 4 and a maximal value of 31 will be enforced for BCRYPT. The default number of rounds is 13." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "By default, the number of rounds for SHA256 or SHA512 is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <_:filename-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced for SHA256 and SHA512. The default number of rounds is 5000." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "By default, the number of rounds for YESCRYPT is defined by the YESCRYPT_COST_FACTOR in <_:filename-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "A minimal value of 1 and a maximal value of 11 will be enforced for YESCRYPT. The default number of rounds is 5." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title msgid "CAVEATS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted files by other users." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "You should make sure the passwords and the encryption method respect the system's password policy." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename #. (itstool) path: phrase/filename #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "/etc/group" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Group account information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename #. (itstool) path: phrase/filename #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "/etc/gshadow" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Secure group account information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "gpasswd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "groupadd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/contrib msgid "Creation, 1991" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "chpasswd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "update passwords in batch mode" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users. Each line is of the format:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "user_name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "By default the passwords must be supplied in clear-text, and are encrypted by <_:command-1/>. Also the password age will be updated, if present." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "By default, passwords are encrypted by PAM, but (even if not recommended) you can select a different encryption method with the <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/> options." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "Except when PAM is used to encrypt the passwords," msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:phrase-1/> <_:command-2/> first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "When PAM is used to encrypt the passwords (and update the passwords in the system database) then if a password cannot be updated <_:command-1/> continues updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error code on exit." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "METHOD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "By default, PAM is used to encrypt the passwords." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "By default (if none of the <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/> options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the <_:option-3/> variable of <_:filename-4/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory <_:replaceable-1/>. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "ROUNDS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "PAM configuration for <_:command-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "newusers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>," msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "useradd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "change login shell" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command changes the user login shell. This determines the name of the user's initial login command. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "--shell" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "SHELL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank causes the system to select the default login shell." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If the <_:option-1/> option is not selected, <_:command-2/> operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one. The current shell is displayed between a pair of <_:emphasis-3/> marks." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/shells" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in <_:filename-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "%vendordir%/shells" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "%vendordir%/shells.d/*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "/etc/shells.d/*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "/etc/shells.d/@filename@" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "%vendordir%/shells.d/@filename@" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If this file does not exist, the definitions are taken from the files <_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/> and <_:filename-3/> in that order. If <_:filename-4/> exists, then <_:filename-5/> will not be used." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "/bin/rsh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If the invoker is the superuser any value may be added regardless what is defined in the configuration files. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell. For this reason, placing <_:filename-1/> in <_:filename-2/> is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "List of valid login shells." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "User defined list of valid login shells." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Default configuration file if <_:filename-1/> does not exist." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "%vendordir%/shells.d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Directory for additional vendor specific configuration files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/shells.d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Directory for additional user defined configuration files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/contrib msgid "Creation, 1989" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "faillog" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo msgid "File Formats and Configuration Files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "login failure logging file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/var/log/faillog" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:filename-1/> maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The file contains fixed length records, indexed by numerical UID. Each record contains the count of login failures since the last successful login; the maximum number of failures before the account is disabled; the line on which the last login failure occurred; the date of the last login failure; and the duration (in seconds) during which the account will be locked after a failure." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The structure of the file is:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting msgid "struct faillog { short fail_cnt; short fail_max; char fail_line[12]; time_t fail_time; long fail_locktime; };" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Failure logging file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "display faillog records or set login failure limits" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:command-1/> displays the contents of the failure log database (<_:filename-2/>). It can also set the failure counters and limits. When <_:command-3/> is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-a" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--all" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the <_:filename-1/> database." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The range of users can be restricted with the <_:option-1/> option." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "In display mode, this is still restricted to existing users but forces the display of the faillog entries even if they are empty." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-t" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "With the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:option-4/> options, the users' records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--lock-secs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "SEC" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Lock account for <_:replaceable-1/> seconds after failed login." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Write access to <_:filename-1/> is required for this option." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--maximum" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "MAX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to <_:replaceable-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Selecting a <_:replaceable-1/> value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "root" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <_:emphasis-1/> to prevent a denial of services attack against the system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--reset" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Reset the counters of login failures." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--time" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "DAYS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Display faillog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "--user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "RANGE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>|<_:replaceable-4/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/> options) only for the specified user(s)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "UID_MIN-UID_MAX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "-UID_MAX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "UID_MIN-" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a <_:replaceable-1/> of users. This <_:replaceable-2/> of users can be specified with a min and max values (<_:replaceable-3/>), a max value (<_:replaceable-4/>), or a min value (<_:replaceable-5/>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "When none of the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> options are used, <_:command-4/> displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:command-1/> only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the <_:option-2/> flag, or print out all users with the <_:option-3/> flag." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "login" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/firstname msgid "Rafal" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/surname msgid "Maszkowski" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/contrib msgid "Creation, 1996" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase msgid "administer <_:filename-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refpurpose/phrase msgid "administer <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable msgid "option" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "group" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid ", and <_:filename-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "administrators," msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command is used to administer <_:filename-2/><_:phrase-3/>. Every group can have <_:phrase-4/> members and a password." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-A" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "System administrators can use the <_:option-1/> option to define group administrator(s) and the <_:option-2/> option to define members. They have all rights of group administrators and members." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "a group administrator" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "a system administrator" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:command-1/> called by <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> with a group name only prompts for the new password of the <_:replaceable-4/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command msgid "newgrp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If a password is set the members can still use <_:citerefentry-1/> without a password, and non-members must supply the password." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect2/title msgid "Notes about group passwords" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect2/para msgid "Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person is permitted to know the password. However, groups are a useful tool for permitting co-operation between different users." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Except for the <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options, the options cannot be combined." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The options cannot be combined." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--add" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Add the <_:replaceable-1/> to the named <_:replaceable-2/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--delete" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Remove the <_:replaceable-1/> from the named <_:replaceable-2/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-Q" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--remove-password" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Remove the password from the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password will be empty. Only group members will be allowed to use <_:command-2/> to join the named <_:replaceable-3/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--restrict" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Restrict the access to the named <_:replaceable-1/>. The group password is set to \"!\". Only group members with a password will be allowed to use <_:command-2/> to join the named <_:replaceable-3/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--administrators" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>,..." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Set the list of administrative users." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--members" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Set the list of group members." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "This tool only operates on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> <_:phrase-3/> Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "groupdel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "groupmod" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "grpck" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname msgid "gshadow" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/><_:phrase-7/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "create a new group" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "NEWGROUP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, dashes, or dots. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames . or .. are also disallowed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--force" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-g" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists. When used with <_:option-1/>, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. <_:option-2/> is turned off)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--gid" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "GID" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "GID_MIN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The numerical value of the group's ID. <_:replaceable-1/> must be unique, unless the <_:option-2/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-3/> and greater than every other group." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "GID_MAX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "See also the <_:option-1/> option and the <_:option-2/> description." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-K" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--key" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "KEY" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "VALUE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>=<_:replaceable-4/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others). Multiple <_:option-2/> options can be specified." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "100" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "499" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> <_:option-4/> <_:replaceable-5/>=<_:replaceable-6/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "10" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Note: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/>,<_:replaceable-4/>=<_:replaceable-5/> doesn't work yet." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--non-unique" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID. As a result, for this <_:replaceable-1/>, the mapping towards group <_:replaceable-2/> may not be unique." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-p" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--password" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "PASSWORD" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "crypt" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/manvolnum #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/manvolnum #. (itstool) path: refmeta/manvolnum msgid "3" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "defines an initial password for the group account. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths system account file <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "Note:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "<_:emphasis-1/> This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "You should make sure the password respects the system's password policy." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--system" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Create a system group." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "SYS_GID_MIN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "SYS_GID_MAX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the <_:option-1/>-<_:option-2/> range, defined in <_:filename-3/>, instead of <_:option-4/>-<_:option-5/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-U" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--users" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "A comma-separated list of usernames to add as members of the group." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-N" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "USERGROUPS_ENAB" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The default behavior (if the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, and <_:option-3/> options are not specified) is defined by the <_:option-4/> variable in <_:filename-5/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the group creation request." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "invalid argument to option" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "4" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "GID is already used (when called without <_:option-1/>)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "9" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "group name is already used" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "can't update group file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "userdel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command msgid "usermod" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:citerefentry-10/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "delete a group" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "GROUP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to <_:replaceable-2/>. The named group must exist." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This option forces the removal of the group, even if there's some user having the group as the primary one." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Apply changes in the <_:replaceable-1/> directory and use the configuration files from the <_:replaceable-2/> directory. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "You may not remove the primary group of any existing user. You must remove the user before you remove the group." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain owned by this group." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "6" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "specified group doesn't exist" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "can't remove user's primary group" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "modify a group definition on the system" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the definition of the specified <_:replaceable-2/> by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--append" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If group members are specified with -U, append them to the existing member list, rather than replacing it." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The group ID of the given <_:replaceable-1/> will be changed to <_:replaceable-2/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The value of <_:replaceable-1/> must be a non-negative decimal integer. This value must be unique, unless the <_:option-2/> option is used." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Users who use the group as primary group will be updated to keep the group as their primary group." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to <_:replaceable-1/>, must have their group ID changed manually." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "No checks will be performed with regard to the <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, or <_:option-4/> from <_:filename-5/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-n" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--new-name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "NEW_GROUP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The name of the group will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:replaceable-2/> name." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "When used with the <_:option-1/> option, allow to change the group <_:replaceable-2/> to a non-unique value." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The encrypted password, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The default behavior (if the <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options are not specified) is defined by the <_:option-3/> variable in <_:filename-4/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "E_SUCCESS: success" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "E_USAGE: invalid command syntax" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn't exist" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "E_GRP_UPDATE: can't update group file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "11" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can't setup cleanup service" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "12" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "E_PAM_USERNAME: can't determine your username for use with pam" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "13" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/contrib msgid "Creation, 1992" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "verify integrity of group files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "and <_:filename-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the groups information. It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/> have the proper format and contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Checks are made to verify that each entry has:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "the correct number of fields" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "a unique and valid group name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "(<_:filename-1/> only)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "a valid group identifier <_:phrase-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "and administrators" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "a valid list of members <_:phrase-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "a corresponding entry in the <_:filename-1/> file (respectively <_:filename-2/> for the <_:filename-3/> checks)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/> command to correct the error." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "and <_:filename-1/> files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/><_:phrase-3/> are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-4/> should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> options cannot be combined." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--read-only" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "no" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered <_:emphasis-2/> without user intervention." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--sort" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> <_:phrase-2/> by GID." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-S" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--silence-warnings" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "/etc/ghadow" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about inconsistency between group members listed in <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "parameter." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "and <_:emphasis-1/> parameters." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "By default, <_:command-1/> operates on <_:filename-2/> <_:phrase-3/>. The user may select alternate files with the <_:emphasis-4/> <_:phrase-5/> <_:phrase-6/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "one or more bad group entries" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "can't open group files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "can't lock group files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "can't update group files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: phrase/citerefentry msgid "<_:refentrytitle-1/><_:manvolnum-2/>," msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:phrase-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/contrib msgid "Creation, 2005" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "shadowed group file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:filename-1/> contains the shadowed information for group accounts." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to be maintained." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Each line of this file contains the following colon-separated fields:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "group name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "It must be a valid group name, which exists on the system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "encrypted password" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Refer to <_:citerefentry-1/> for details on how this string is interpreted." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see <_:citerefentry-1/>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This field may be empty, in which case only the group members can gain the group permissions." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This password supersedes any password specified in <_:filename-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "administrators" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "It must be a comma-separated list of user names." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Administrators can change the password or the members of the group." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Administrators also have the same permissions as the members (see below)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "members" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Members can access the group without being prompted for a password." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "You should use the same list of users as in <_:filename-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "grpconv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "lastlog" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/var/log/lastlog" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "login-name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "port" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "last login time" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:command-1/> formats and prints the contents of the last login log <_:filename-2/> file. The <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/>, and <_:emphasis-5/> will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in <_:filename-6/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-b" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--before" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Print only lastlog records older than <_:replaceable-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-C" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--clear" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Clear lastlog record of a user. This option can be used only together with <_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--set" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Set lastlog record of a user to the current time. This option can be used only together with <_:option-1/> (<_:option-2/>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Print the lastlog records more recent than <_:replaceable-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Print the lastlog records of the users that have logged in at least once. Excludes records for users with '**Never logged in**'." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "** Never logged in**" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If the user has never logged in the message <_:emphasis-1/> will be displayed instead of the port and time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed. Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "ls -l" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "ls -s" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:filename-1/> file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by \"<_:command-2/>\" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in <_:filename-3/> users with a high UID). You can display its real size with \"<_:command-4/>\"." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Database times of previous user logins." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with no output to the screen (i.e. if in lastlog database there is no entries for users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it processes entries with UIDs 171-799)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the <_:filename-1/> with external tools. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by default and may require a specific option to handle them." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/firstname msgid "Luca" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/surname msgid "Berra" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/contrib msgid "Creation, 1997" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "limits" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "resource limits definition" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/limits" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "config.h" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:emphasis-1/> file (<_:filename-2/> by default or LIMITS_FILE defined <_:filename-3/>) describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "By default no quota is imposed on 'root'. In fact, there is no way to impose limits via this procedure to root-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "user LIMITS_STRING" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "or in the form:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "@group LIMITS_STRING" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "LIMITS_STRING" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:emphasis-1/> is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The valid identifiers are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "A: max address space (KB)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "C: max core file size (KB)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "D: max data size (KB)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "F: maximum file size (KB)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "umask" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "K: file creation mask, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "I: max nice value (0..39 which translates to 20..-19)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "L: max number of logins for this user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "M: max locked-in-memory address space (KB)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "N: max number of open files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "O: max real time priority" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "setpriority" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "P: process priority, set by <_:citerefentry-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "R: max resident set size (KB)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "S: max stack size (KB)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "T: max CPU time (MIN)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "U: max number of processes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "L2D2048N5" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "For example, <_:emphasis-1/> is a valid <_:emphasis-2/>. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting msgid "username L2D2048N5 username L2 D2048 N5" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "username" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Be aware that after <_:emphasis-1/> the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the <_:command-2/> program." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "default" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "LIMITS_FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The default entry is denoted by username \"<_:emphasis-1/>\". If you have multiple <_:emphasis-2/> entries in your <_:emphasis-3/>, then the last one will be used as the default entry." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "@group" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The limits specified in the form \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" apply to the members of the specified <_:replaceable-2/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for this user will be considered." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If no lines are specified for a user, the last <_:replaceable-1/> line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" will do." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "To disable a limit for a user, a single dash \"<_:replaceable-1/>\" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN. They are not global, nor are they permanent. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now this will have to do ;)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "setrlimit" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "begin session on the system" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable msgid "host" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg msgid "-h <_:replaceable-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable msgid "ENV=VAR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg msgid "-r <_:replaceable-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "login:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "exec login" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> program is used to establish a new session with the system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the <_:emphasis-2/> prompt on the user's terminal. <_:command-3/> may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub-process. When called from a shell, <_:command-4/> should be executed as <_:emphasis-5/> which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller). Attempting to execute <_:command-6/> from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before <_:command-1/> exits and the communications link is severed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to <_:citerefentry-1/> for more information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/motd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid ".hushlogin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "You have new mail." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "You have mail." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "No Mail." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message file, <_:filename-1/>, by creating a zero-length file <_:filename-2/> in your login directory. The mail message will be one of \"<_:emphasis-3/>\", \"<_:emphasis-4/>\", or \"<_:emphasis-5/>\" according to the condition of your mailbox." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/envar msgid "$HOME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/envar msgid "$SHELL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/envar #. (itstool) path: term/envar msgid "$PATH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/envar msgid "$LOGNAME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/envar msgid "$MAIL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the <_:filename-1/> file. The value for <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, <_:envar-5/>, and <_:envar-6/> are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/envar msgid "$TERM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/ttytype" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "On some installations, the environmental variable <_:envar-1/> will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in <_:filename-2/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed. Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this function." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a \"*\" as the first character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as the root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "getty" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "init" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "exec" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file. It is the responsibility of <_:citerefentry-2/> and <_:citerefentry-3/> to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session. If you use <_:command-4/> from the shell prompt without <_:command-5/>, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the \"subsession\"." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Note: in that case, <_:replaceable-1/> is mandatory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Name of the remote host for this login." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Preserve environment." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> options are only used when <_:command-4/> is invoked by root." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "This version of <_:command-1/> has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The location of files is subject to differences in system configuration." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "As with any program, <_:command-1/>'s appearance can be faked. If non-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/var/run/utmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "List of current login sessions." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/var/log/wtmp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "List of previous login sessions." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "System message of the day file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/nologin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Prevent non-root users from logging in." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "List of terminal types." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Suppress printing of system messages." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "mail" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "su" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "nologin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "securetty" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/firstname msgid "Marek" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: author/surname msgid "Michałkiewicz" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "login.access" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "login access control table" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:emphasis-1/> file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "When someone logs in, the <_:emphasis-1/> is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated by a \":\" character:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "permission" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "users" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "origins" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>:<_:emphasis-2/>:<_:emphasis-3/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "+" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "ALL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/literal msgid "." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "LOCAL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The first field should be a \"<_:emphasis-1/>\" (access granted) or \"<_:emphasis-2/>\" (access denied) character. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or <_:emphasis-3/> (always matches). The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with \"<_:literal-4/>\"), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with \"<_:literal-5/>\"), <_:emphasis-6/> (always matches) or <_:emphasis-7/> (matches any string that does not contain a \"<_:literal-8/>\" character). If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "EXCEPT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:emphasis-1/> operator makes it possible to write very compact rules." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "shadow password suite configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:filename-1/> file defines the site-specific configuration for the shadow password suite. This file is required. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing one configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration name and value, separated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment lines are ignored. Comments are introduced with a \"#\" pound sign and the pound sign must be the first non-white character of the line." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "yes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "0x" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A boolean should be either the value <_:replaceable-1/> or <_:replaceable-2/>. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a <_:replaceable-3/> value. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-4/>) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with <_:replaceable-5/>). The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine-dependent." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "This configuration file controls the behavior of system tools for user and group management. The parameters may be used by shadow-utils programs, PAM modules, and other system components. The actual behavior depends on the system configuration and which authentication mechanisms are enabled." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The following configuration items are provided:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "PASS_MIN_DAYS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "PASS_WARN_AGE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: variablelist/para msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> and <_:option-3/> are only used at the time of account creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing accounts." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title msgid "CROSS REFERENCES" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The following cross references show which programs in the shadow password suite use which parameters." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) path: para/phrase #. (itstool) path: phrase/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "USE_TCB" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "CHFN_AUTH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "LOGIN_STRING" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "<_:phrase-1/> CHFN_RESTRICT <_:phrase-2/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "BCRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS BCRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "YESCRYPT_COST_FACTOR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "<_:phrase-1/> ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS <_:phrase-2/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "<_:phrase-1/> <_:phrase-2/> SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS <_:phrase-3/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "grpunconv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "CONSOLE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "FAILLOG_ENAB" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "FTMP_FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "ISSUE_FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "ULIMIT UMASK" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY <_:phrase-3/> FAKE_SHELL <_:phrase-4/> HUSHLOGIN_FILE <_:phrase-5/> KILLCHAR <_:phrase-6/> LOGIN_RETRIES <_:phrase-7/> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <_:phrase-8/> TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <_:phrase-9/> USERGROUPS_ENAB" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "newgrp / sg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "<_:phrase-1/> ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC SUB_GID_STORE_BY_UID SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC SUB_UID_STORE_BY_UID SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK UNSAFE_SUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC_WRAP UNSAFE_SUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC_WRAP <_:phrase-2/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "<_:phrase-1/> ENCRYPT_METHOD OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS <_:phrase-2/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <_:phrase-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "pwconv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "pwunconv" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "SU_WHEEL_ONLY" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "<_:phrase-1/> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME <_:phrase-2/> ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH <_:phrase-3/> SULOG_FILE SU_NAME <_:phrase-4/> SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <_:phrase-5/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "sulogin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "ENV_HZ ENV_TZ" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "TCB_AUTH_GROUP TCB_SYMLINK USE_TCB" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC SUB_GID_STORE_BY_UID SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC SUB_UID_STORE_BY_UID SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK UNSAFE_SUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC_WRAP UNSAFE_SUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC_WRAP <_:phrase-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "TCB_SYMLINKS USE_TCB" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB <_:phrase-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC UNSAFE_SUB_GID_DETERMINISTIC_WRAP UNSAFE_SUB_UID_DETERMINISTIC_WRAP <_:phrase-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "vipw" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title msgid "BUGS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, <_:filename-1/> is no longer used by <_:citerefentry-2/>, or less used by <_:citerefentry-3/>, and <_:citerefentry-4/>. Please refer to the corresponding PAM configuration files instead." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: para/refentrytitle msgid "pam" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "log in to a new group" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command is used to change the current group ID during a login session. If the optional <_:option-2/> flag is given, the user's environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:command-1/> changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in <_:filename-2/> if no group name is given. <_:command-3/> also tries to add the group to the user groupset. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in <_:filename-4/> if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in <_:filename-5/> otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If there is an entry for this group in <_:filename-1/>, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in <_:filename-2/> is considered." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "id" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "sg" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "update and create new users in batch" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command reads a <_:replaceable-2/> (or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see <_:citerefentry-3/>) with the exceptions explained below:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "pw_name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This is the name of the user." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by <_:command-1/>). In case of an existing user, the user's information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "pw_passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If this field is not empty, it will be encrypted and used as the new value of the encrypted password." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "pw_uid" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This field is used to define the UID of the user." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by <_:command-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If this field contains a number, this number will be used as the UID." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by <_:command-1/>), the UID of the specified user will be used." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If the UID of an existing user is changed, the files ownership of the user's file should be fixed manually." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "pw_gid" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by <_:command-1/>), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If this field is a number, this number will be used as the primary group ID of the user. If no groups exist with this GID, a new group will be created with this GID, and the name of the user." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-1/> to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by <_:command-1/>), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by <_:command-2/> to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "pw_gecos" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "pw_dir" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This field is used to define the home directory of the user." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "newusers does not create parent directories" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group. Note that <_:emphasis-1/> of the new user's home directory. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr informing the user of the failure. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If the home directory of an existing user is changed, <_:command-1/> does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location. This should be done manually." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "pw_shell" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This field defines the shell of the user. No checks are performed on this field." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:command-1/> first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "During this first pass, users are created with a locked password (and passwords are not changed for the users which are not created). A second pass is used to update the passwords using PAM. Failures to update a password are reported, but will not stop the other password updates." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many accounts are updated at a single time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--badname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Allow names that do not conform to standards." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc support these methods." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Create a system account." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "SYS_UID_MIN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "SYS_UID_MAX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "UID_MIN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "UID_MAX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "System users will be created with no aging information in <_:filename-1/>, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the <_:option-2/>-<_:option-3/> range, defined in <_:filename-4/>, instead of <_:option-5/>-<_:option-6/> (and their <_:option-7/> counterparts for the creation of groups)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "A minimal value of 4 and a maximal value of 31 will be enforced for BCRYPT. The default is 13." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced for SHA256 and SHA512. The default is 5000." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "A minimal value of 1 and a maximal value of 11 will be enforced for YESCRYPT. The default is 5." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted passwords." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/pam.d/newusers" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "/etc/subgid" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "/etc/subuid" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "subgid" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "subuid" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>," msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "politely refuse a login" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "To disable all logins, investigate <_:citerefentry-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If <_:command-1/> is populated it will be logged." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title msgid "HISTORY" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command appeared in BSD 4.4." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "change user password" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command changes passwords for user accounts. A regular user can only change the password for their own account, while the superuser can change the password for any account. The <_:command-2/> also changes the account or associated password validity period." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect2/title msgid "Password Changes" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect2/para msgid "If the account has a non-empty password, the user is first prompted to enter their current password. The entered password is encrypted and compared to the stored value. The user has only one attempt to enter the correct password. The superuser can bypass this step to allow changing forgotten passwords." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect2/para msgid "After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to determine if the user is permitted to change the password at this time. If not, <_:command-1/> refuses to change the password and exits." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect2/para msgid "The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The second entry is compared against the first and both are required to match for the password to be changed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect2/para msgid "Then, the password is tested for complexity. <_:command-1/> rejects passwords that do not meet the complexity requirements. Do not include the system default erase or kill characters." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect2/title msgid "Hints for user passwords" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "UNIX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect2/para msgid "The security of a password depends on the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <_:emphasis-1/> System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. More recent methods are now recommended (see <_:option-2/>). The size of the key space depends on the randomness of the selected password." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect2/para msgid "Compromises in password security normally result from careless password selection or handling. For this reason, you should not select a password which appears in a dictionary or one that must be written down. The password should also not be a proper name, your license number, birth date, or street address. Any of these may be used as guesses to violate system security." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect2/para msgid "As a general guideline, passwords should be long and random. It's fine to use simple character sets, such as passwords consisting only of lowercase letters, if that helps memorizing longer passwords. For a password consisting only of lowercase English letters randomly chosen, and a length of 32, there are 26^32 (approximately 2^150) different possible combinations. Being an exponential equation, it's apparent that the exponent (the length) is more important than the base (the size of the character set)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect2/para msgid "You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This option can be used only with <_:option-1/> and causes show status for all users." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Deletes a user's password, making it empty. This command sets the account to be passwordless." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--expire" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can force a user to change their password at the user's next login." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired password for <_:replaceable-1/> days, the user may no longer sign on to the account." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-k" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--keep-tokens" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication tokens (passwords). The user wishes to keep their non-expired tokens as before." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--lock" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a password by changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a ´!´ at the beginning of the password)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "usermod --expiredate 1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable the account, administrators should use <_:command-1/> (this sets the account's expire date to 1970-01-02)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-q" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--quiet" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Quiet mode." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--repository" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "REPOSITORY" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "change password in <_:replaceable-1/> repository" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory <_:replaceable-1/>. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. No PAM support. No SELINUX support." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--status" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Display account status information. The status information consists of 7 fields. The first field is the user's login name. The second field indicates if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has a usable password (P). The third field gives the date of the last password change. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning period, and inactivity period for the password. These ages are expressed in days." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--unlock" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the <_:option-1/> option)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The <_:replaceable-1/> option is the number of days prior to password expiration during which the user is warned that their password is about to expire." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-x" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After <_:replaceable-1/>, the password is required to be changed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--stdin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This option is used to indicate that passwd should read the new password from standard input, which can be a pipe." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Password complexity checking may vary from site to site. The user is urged to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled and they are not logged into the NIS server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:command-1/> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change their passwords." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/pam.d/passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "invalid combination of options" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "unexpected failure, nothing done" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "unexpected failure, <_:filename-1/> file missing" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "<_:filename-1/> file busy, try again" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "an error was returned by <_:refentrytitle-1/><_:manvolnum-2/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "makepasswd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:phrase-5/> <_:citerefentry-6/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The following web page comically (yet correctly) compares the strength of two different methods for choosing a password: \"https://xkcd.com/936/\"" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "the password file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/quote msgid ":" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:filename-1/> contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (<_:quote-2/>). These fields are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "login name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "optional encrypted password" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "numerical user ID" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "numerical group ID" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "user name or comment field" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "user home directory" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "optional user command interpreter" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/quote msgid "x" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "must" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If the <_:emphasis-1/> field is a lower-case <_:quote-2/>, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the <_:citerefentry-3/> file instead; there <_:emphasis-4/> be a corresponding line in the <_:filename-5/> file, or else the user account is invalid." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "any" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The encrypted <_:emphasis-1/> field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which read the <_:filename-2/> file may decide not to permit <_:emphasis-3/> access at all if the <_:emphasis-4/> field is blank." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "A <_:emphasis-1/> field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the <_:emphasis-2/> field before the password was locked." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of <_:citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system utilities, such as <_:citerefentry-1/>. The use of an ampersand here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed by such system utilities." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. The <_:command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:envar-2/> environmental variable." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "/bin/sh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The <_:command-1/> program uses this information to set the value of the <_:envar-2/> environmental variable. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value <_:filename-3/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Optional encrypted password file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/passwd-" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Backup file for /etc/passwd." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow toolsuite, but not by all user and password management tools." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Unprivileged users may write arbitrary non-ASCII characters in the GECOS field, notably including C1 control characters. When reading this file, use the C locale. Otherwise, the contents may look different than they are." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "getent" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "getpwnam" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:citerefentry-10/>, <_:citerefentry-11/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "porttime" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "port access time file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:emphasis-1/> contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Each entry consists of three colon separated fields. The first field is a comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty devices are matched by this entry. The second field is a comma separated list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are matched by this entry. The third field is a comma separated list of permitted access times." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "Su" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "Mo" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "Tu" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "We" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "Th" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "Fr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "Sa" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "Wk" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "Al" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated <_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, <_:emphasis-4/>, <_:emphasis-5/>, <_:emphasis-6/>, and <_:emphasis-7/>, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <_:emphasis-8/> may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and <_:emphasis-9/> may be used to indicate every day. If no days are given, <_:emphasis-10/> is assumed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title msgid "EXAMPLES" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "jfh" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The following entry allows access to user <_:emphasis-1/> on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "oper" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "/dev/console" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/porttime" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The following entries allow access only to the users <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> on <_:filename-3/> at any time. This illustrates how the <_:filename-4/> file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting msgid "console:root,oper:Al0000-2400 console:*:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "games" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The following entry allows access for the user <_:emphasis-1/> on any port during non-working hours." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "File containing port access." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "verify the integrity of password files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable msgid "PASSWORDFILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "SHADOWFILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: phrase/filename msgid "/etc/tcb" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>, when <_:option-2/> is enabled)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information. It checks that all entries in <_:filename-2/> and <_:filename-3/> <_:phrase-4/> have the proper format and contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "a unique and valid user name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "a valid user and group identifier" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "a valid primary group" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "a valid home directory" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "a valid login shell" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file parameter <_:replaceable-1/> is specified or when <_:filename-2/> exists on the system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "These checks are the following:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a matching passwd entry" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "passwords are specified in the shadowed file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "shadow entries have the correct number of fields" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "shadow entries are unique in shadow" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "the last password changes are not in the future" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the <_:command-1/> command to correct the error." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The commands which operate on the <_:filename-1/> file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <_:command-2/> should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Report errors only. The warnings which do not require any action from the user won't be displayed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Execute the <_:command-1/> command in read-only mode." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Sort entries in <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> by UID." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This option has no effect when <_:option-1/> is enabled." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid "(or the files in <_:filename-1/>)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "By default, <_:command-1/> operates on the files <_:filename-2/> and <_:filename-3/><_:phrase-4/>. The user may select alternate files with the <_:replaceable-5/> and <_:replaceable-6/> parameters." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Note that when <_:option-1/> is enabled, you cannot specify an alternative <_:replaceable-2/> file. In future releases, this parameter could be replaced by an alternate TCB directory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "one or more bad password entries" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "can't open password files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "can't lock password files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "can't update password files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "can't sort password files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "convert between the system's shadowed and plain account files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command creates <_:filename-2/> from <_:filename-3/> and an optionally existing <_:filename-4/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "tcb_convert" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. To convert to tcb passwords, you should first use <_:command-3/> to convert to shadowed passwords by disabling <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> and then convert to tcb password using <_:command-6/> (and re-enable <_:option-7/> in <_:filename-8/>.)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command creates a plain <_:filename-2/> from shadowed <_:filename-3/> and <_:filename-4/> and then removes <_:filename-5/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/command #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "tcb_unconvert" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:command-1/> does not work with <_:option-2/> enabled. You should first switch back from tcb to shadowed passwords using <_:command-3/>, and then disable <_:option-4/> in <_:filename-5/> before using <_:command-6/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command creates plain <_:filename-2/> from shadowed <_:filename-3/> and <_:filename-4/> and then removes <_:filename-5/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files: <_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>, <_:filename-3/>, and <_:filename-4/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> are similar. First, entries in the shadowed file which don't exist in the plain file are removed. Then, entries in the shadowed file which don't have `x' as the password in plain file are updated. Any missing shadowed entries are added. Finally, passwords in the plain file are replaced with `x'. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the plain file has been edited by hand." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:command-1/> will use the values of <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and <_:emphasis-4/> from <_:filename-5/> when adding new entries to <_:filename-6/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Likewise <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> are similar. Passwords in the plain file are updated from the shadowed file. Entries which exist in the plain file but not in the shadowed file are left alone. Finally, the shadowed file is removed. Some password aging information is lost by <_:command-3/>. It will convert what it can." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The options which apply to the <_:command-1/>, <_:command-2/>, <_:command-3/>, and <_:command-4/> commands are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways. Please run <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadowed files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The following configuration variable in <_:filename-1/> changes the behavior of <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The following configuration variables in <_:filename-1/> change the behavior of <_:command-2/>:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/phrase msgid ", <_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/><_:phrase-4/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refmiscinfo msgid "Library Calls" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "getspnam" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "encrypted password file routines" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title msgid "SYNTAX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "#include <shadow.h>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "struct spwd *getspent();" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "struct spwd *getspnam(char" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "*name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid ");" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "void setspent();" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "void endspent();" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "*fp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "struct spwd *sgetspent(char" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "*cp" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "int putspent(struct spwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "*p," msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "int lckpwdf();" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "int ulckpwdf();" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "#include" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:emphasis-1/> manipulates the contents of the shadow password file, <_:filename-2/>. The structure in the <_:emphasis-3/> file is:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/programlisting msgid "struct spwd { char *sp_namp; /* user login name */ char *sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */ long int sp_lstchg; /* last password change */ long int sp_min; /* days until change allowed. */ long int sp_max; /* days before change required */ long int sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */ long int sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */ long int sp_expire; /* date when account expires */ unsigned long int sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */ }" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The meanings of each field are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "sp_namp - pointer to null-terminated user name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "sp_pwdp - pointer to null-terminated password" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "sp_lstchg - days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "sp_min - days before which password may not be changed" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "sp_max - days after which password must be changed" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "sp_warn - days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending password expiration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "sp_inact - days after password expires that account is considered inactive and disabled" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "sp_expire - days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "sp_flag - reserved for future use" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "getspent" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "getspname" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "fgetspent" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "sgetspent" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "struct spwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>, <_:emphasis-2/>, <_:emphasis-3/>, and <_:emphasis-4/> each return a pointer to a <_:emphasis-5/>. <_:emphasis-6/> returns the next entry from the file, and <_:emphasis-7/> returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format. <_:emphasis-8/> returns a pointer to a <_:emphasis-9/> using the provided string as input. <_:emphasis-10/> searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching <_:emphasis-11/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "setspent" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "endspent" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "lckpwdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "ulckpwdf" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "pw_lock" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "spw_lock" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:emphasis-1/> and <_:emphasis-2/> routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the <_:filename-3/> file. <_:emphasis-4/> attempts to acquire a lock using <_:emphasis-5/> for up to 15 seconds. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using <_:emphasis-6/> for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds, <_:emphasis-7/> returns -1. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title msgid "DIAGNOSTICS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "int" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing. Routines which have <_:emphasis-1/> as the return value return 0 for success and -1 for failure." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow password file is restricted." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "getpwent" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "shadowed password file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:filename-1/> is a file which contains the password information for the system's accounts and optional aging information." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<_:quote-1/>), in the following order:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "It must be a valid account name, which exists on the system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If the password field is empty, the user can log in without a password. However, some applications that read the <_:filename-1/> file might block access if the password field is empty." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "!" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If the password field begins with an exclamation mark <_:emphasis-1/>, the password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the password hash." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If the password hash consists of a star <_:emphasis-1/>, password access is effectively disallowed; this is because no password can produce a hash like this." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If the password field contains a string that is not a valid result of <_:citerefentry-1/>, for instance ! or *, the user cannot use a UNIX password to log in. However, the user may log in the system by other means." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "date of last password change" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The value 0 indicates that the user must change their password the next time they log in to the system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "An empty field means that password aging features are disabled." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "minimum password age" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The minimum password age is the number of days the user must wait before they can change their password again." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "maximum password age" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user must change their password." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "After this number of days has elapsed, the password may still be valid. The user is prompted to change their password at the next login." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user cannot change her password." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "password warning period" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The number of days before a password expires (see the maximum password age above) during which the user is warned." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no password warning period." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "password inactivity period" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The number of days after a password expires (see the maximum password age above) during which the password is still accepted, and the user must update their password at the next login." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "After the password expires and the password inactivity period elapses, the user cannot log in and must contact their administrator." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "An empty string means that no inactivity period is enforced." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "account expiration date" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The date when the account expires, expressed as the number of days since 1970-01-01." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Note that account expiration differs from password expiration. Account expiration prevents the user from logging in, whereas password expiration only prevents users from logging in with their password." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "An empty field means that the account never expires." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The value 0 should not be used, as it is interpreted either as an account with no expiration or as an expiration date of 1970-01-01." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "reserved field" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This field is reserved for future use." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/shadow-" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Backup file for /etc/shadow." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "execute command as different group ID" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable msgid "command" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command works similar to <_:command-2/> but accepts a command. The command will be executed with the <_:filename-3/> shell. With most shells you may run <_:command-4/> from, you need to enclose multi-word commands in quotes. Another difference between <_:command-5/> and <_:command-6/> is that some shells treat <_:command-7/> specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that <_:command-8/> creates. This doesn't happen with <_:command-9/>, so upon exit from an <_:command-10/> command you are returned to your previous group ID." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Start the shell as a login shell." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <_:option-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This is the default; for backward compatibility." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "change user ID or become superuser" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: arg/replaceable msgid "args" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command is used to become another user during a login session. Invoked without a <_:option-2/>, <_:command-3/> defaults to becoming the superuser. The <_:option-4/> option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly. The <_:option-5/> option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "--" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list. You can use the <_:option-1/> argument to stop option parsing. The <_:option-2/> option is special: it is also recognized after <_:option-3/>, but has to be placed before <_:option-4/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate. Invalid passwords will produce an error message. All attempts, both valid and invalid, are logged to detect abuse of the system." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "/bin:/usr/bin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "ENV_PATH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "ENV_SUPATH" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of <_:envar-1/> is reset to <_:filename-2/> for normal users, or <_:filename-3/> for the superuser. This may be changed with the <_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/> definitions in <_:filename-6/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--command" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "COMMAND" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The executed command will have no controlling terminal. This option cannot be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "--login" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "When <_:option-1/> is used, it must be specified before any <_:option-2/>. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any <_:option-3/>. The other forms (<_:option-4/> and <_:option-5/>) do not have this restriction." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The shell that will be invoked." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The shell specified with --shell." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--preserve-environment" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If <_:option-1/> is used, the shell specified by the <_:envar-2/> environment variable." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The shell indicated in the <_:filename-1/> entry for the target user." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "<_:filename-1/> if a shell could not be found by any above method." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <_:variablelist-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this user's entry in <_:filename-1/> is not listed in <_:filename-2/>), then the <_:option-3/> option or the <_:envar-4/> environment variable won't be taken into account, unless <_:command-5/> is called by root." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "reset according to the <_:filename-1/> options <_:option-2/> or <_:option-3/> (see below);" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/envar #. (itstool) path: para/envar msgid "$IFS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/quote msgid "<space><tab><newline>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "reset to <_:quote-1/>, if it was set." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Preserve the current environment, except for: <_:variablelist-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless <_:command-1/> is called by root)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/envar msgid "$USER" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The <_:envar-1/>, <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, <_:envar-5/>, and <_:envar-6/> environment variables are reset." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If <_:option-1/> is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/envar msgid "$COLORTERM" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/envar msgid "$DISPLAY" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/envar msgid "$XAUTHORITY" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, <_:envar-4/>, and <_:envar-5/> environment variables are copied if they were set." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/envar msgid "$TZ" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/envar msgid "$HZ" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "ENV_TZ" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "ENV_HZ" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "MAIL_DIR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "MAIL_FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If <_:option-1/> is used, the <_:envar-2/>, <_:envar-3/>, and <_:envar-4/> environment variables are set according to the <_:filename-5/> options <_:option-6/>, <_:option-7/>, <_:option-8/>, and <_:option-9/> (see below)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "ENVIRON_FILE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If <_:option-1/> is used, other environment variables might be set by the <_:option-2/> file (see below)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Other environments might be set by PAM modules." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following: <_:variablelist-1/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "On success, <_:command-1/> returns the exit value of the command it executed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If this command was terminated by a signal, <_:command-1/> returns the number of this signal plus 128." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time), <_:command-1/> returns 255." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "success (<_:option-1/> only)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "System or authentication failure" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "126" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The requested command was not found" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "127" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The requested command could not be executed" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Some exit values from <_:command-1/> are independent from the executed command: <_:variablelist-2/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refmeta/refentrytitle #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname msgid "suauth" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "detailed su control file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/suauth" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The file <_:filename-1/> is referenced whenever the su command is called. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout msgid "1) the user su is targeting" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being treated as comment lines and ignored;" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout msgid "to-id:from-id:ACTION" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "ALL EXCEPT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Where to-id is either the word <_:emphasis-1/>, a list of usernames delimited by \",\" or the words <_:emphasis-2/> followed by a list of usernames delimited by \",\"." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "ALL EXCEPT GROUP" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word <_:emphasis-1/> is recognized. <_:emphasis-2/> is perfectly valid too. Following <_:emphasis-3/> appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in <_:citerefentry-4/> is necessary." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Action can be one only of the following currently supported options." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "DENY" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The attempt to su is stopped before a password is even asked for." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "NOPASS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is asked for." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid "OWNPASS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or her own password. They are told this." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon. No whitespace must surround this colon. Also note that the file is examined sequentially line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the file further. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise as fine control as he or she wishes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title msgid "EXAMPLE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/literallayout msgid "# sample /etc/suauth file # # A couple of privileged usernames may # su to root with their own password. # root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS # # Anyone else may not su to root unless in # group wheel. This is how BSD does things. # root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY # # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts # owned by the same person. # Access can be arranged between them # with no password. # terry:birddog:NOPASS birddog:terry:NOPASS #" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "There could be plenty lurking. The file parser is particularly unforgiving about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "syslogd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "An error parsing the file is reported using <_:citerefentry-1/> as level ERR on facility AUTH." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "create a new user or update default new user information" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/arg #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-D" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "When invoked without the <_:option-1/> option, the <_:command-2/> command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system. Depending on command line options, the <_:command-3/> command will update system files and may also create the new user's home directory and copy initial files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, and <_:option-4/>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--base-dir" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "BASE_DIR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "HOME_DIR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The default base directory for the system if <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/> is not specified. <_:replaceable-3/> is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "HOME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/default/useradd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "/home" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will use the base directory specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or <_:filename-4/> by default." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "--btrfs-subvolume-home" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Create the user's home directory as a Btrfs subvolume." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "BTRFS_SUBVOLUME_HOME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will follow the default behavior defined by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>. If this variable is not set, the default value is no." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "When the <_:option-1/> command-line option is specified, a Btrfs subvolume is created regardless of any configuration file settings." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/emphasis msgid "not" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/constant msgid "LOG_WARN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If the parent directory of the user's home directory is <_:emphasis-1/> on a Btrfs filesystem, <_:command-2/> will <_:emphasis-3/> create a subvolume. Instead, it creates a regular directory, prints a warning to standard error, and logs the event via syslog at level <_:constant-4/>. The user account is still created successfully." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "statfs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/literal msgid "E_HOMEDIR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If the filesystem type cannot be determined (e.g., because of insufficient permissions, an I/O error, or a <_:citerefentry-1/> failure), <_:command-2/> treats this as a fatal error: the home directory is not created, the command exits with a non‑zero status (<_:literal-3/>, 12), and an error message is printed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--comment" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "COMMENT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Any text string. It is generally a short description of the account, and is currently used as the field for the user's full name." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--home-dir" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "CREATE_HOME" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The new user will be created using <_:replaceable-1/> as the value for the user's login directory. The default is to append the <_:replaceable-2/> name to <_:replaceable-3/> and use that as the login directory name. The directory <_:replaceable-4/> is not created by default. However it will be created for non-system users if either the <_:option-5/> flag is specified or <_:replaceable-6/> in <_:filename-7/> is set to true. However, it will never be created if the <_:option-8/> flag is specified." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--defaults" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "See below, the subsection \"Changing the default values\"." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Sets the date on which the user account will be disabled. The value can be specified as a date in the YYYY-MM-DD format or as a number of days since 1970-01-01. The date is interpreted using the UTC timezone." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "EXPIRE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If not specified, <_:command-1/> uses the default expiry date specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or an empty string (no expiry) by default." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Defines the number of days after a password exceeds its maximum age before the user account gets locked. If the user does not change their password within this period of time, their account becomes inactive. This value is stored in the shadow password file. For more information, see <_:citerefentry-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "A value of 0 disables the account when the password expires, with no delay." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "A value of -1 empties the respective field in the shadow password file, which means that the inactivity period is not enforced." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If not specified, <_:command-1/> uses the default inactivity period specified by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>, or -1 by default if no value is specified." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-F" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--add-subids-for-system" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/> even when creating a system account with <_:option-3/> option." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The name or the number of the user's primary group. The group name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-U/--user-group" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-N/--no-user-group" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If not specified, the behavior of <_:command-1/> will depend on the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>. If this variable is set to <_:replaceable-4/> (or <_:option-5/> is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as the loginname. If the variable is set to <_:replaceable-6/> (or <_:option-7/> is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the <_:option-8/> variable in <_:filename-9/>, or 1000 by default." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-G" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--groups" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "GROUP1" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid ",GROUP2,..." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/emphasis msgid ",GROUPN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>[<_:emphasis-4/>[<_:emphasis-5/>]]]" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "GROUPS" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the <_:option-1/> option. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group. In addition to passing in the -G flag, you can add the option <_:option-2/> to the file <_:filename-3/> which in turn will add all users to those supplementary groups." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--skel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "SKEL_DIR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by <_:command-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--create-home" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This option is only valid if the <_:option-1/> (or <_:option-2/>) option is specified." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "SKEL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "/etc/skel" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the <_:option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/> or, by default, <_:filename-3/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Absolute symlinks that link back to the skel directory will have the <_:filename-1/> prefix replaced with the user's home directory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If possible, the ACLs and extended attributes are copied." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "UMASK" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Overrides <_:filename-1/> defaults (<_:option-2/>, <_:option-3/>, <_:option-4/>, <_:option-5/> and others)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Example: <_:option-1/> <_:replaceable-2/>=<_:replaceable-3/> can be used when creating an account to turn off password aging. Multiple <_:option-4/> options can be specified, e.g.: <_:option-5/> <_:replaceable-6/> =<_:replaceable-7/> <_:option-8/> <_:replaceable-9/>=<_:replaceable-10/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--no-log-init" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "LOG_INIT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If this option is not specified, <_:command-1/> will also consult the variable <_:option-2/> in the <_:filename-3/> if set to no the user will not be added to the lastlog and faillog databases." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the <_:option-1/> option) will be copied to the home directory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "By default, if this option is not specified and <_:option-1/> is not enabled, no home directories are created." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The directory where the user's home directory is created must exist and have proper SELinux context and permissions. Otherwise the user's home directory cannot be created or accessed." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--no-create-home" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Do not create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting from <_:filename-1/> (<_:option-2/>) is set to <_:replaceable-3/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--no-user-group" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the <_:option-1/> option or by the <_:option-2/> variable in <_:filename-3/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> option. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system's behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "defines an initial password for the account. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>. Within a shell script, this option allows to create efficiently batches of users." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password defined, i.e. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of <_:filename-1/>. This is a state where the user won't be able to access the account or to define a password himself." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "<_:emphasis-1/>Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Note that <_:command-1/> will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in <_:filename-2/> (<_:option-3/>). You have to specify the <_:option-4/> options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Note that this option will not update <_:filename-1/> and <_:filename-2/>. You have to specify the <_:option-3/> options if you want to update the files for a system account to be created." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "sets the path to the user's login shell. Without this option, the system will use the <_:option-1/> variable specified in <_:filename-2/>, or, if that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in <_:filename-3/> remains empty." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--uid" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "UID" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the <_:option-1/> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to <_:option-2/> and greater than every other user." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--user-group" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this group." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-Z" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "--selinux-user" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "SEUSER" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "semanage" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "defines the SELinux user for the new account. Without this option, SELinux uses the default user. Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses <_:citerefentry-1/> for that." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--selinux-range" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "SERANGE" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "defines the SELinux MLS range for the new account. Without this option, SELinux uses the default range. Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-range, it uses <_:citerefentry-1/> for that." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect2/title msgid "Changing the default values" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect2/para msgid "When invoked with only the <_:option-1/> option, <_:command-2/> will display the current default values. When invoked with <_:option-3/> plus other options, <_:command-4/> will update the default values for the specified options. Valid default-changing options are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "sets the path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will be affixed to the end of <_:replaceable-1/> to form the new user's home directory name, if the <_:option-2/> option is not used when creating a new account." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This option sets the <_:option-1/> variable in <_:filename-2/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "specifies the number of days after a password expires during which the user can still log in. After this period, the account is locked." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group names or a numerical group ID. The named group must exist, and the GID must have an existing entry." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "defines the default login shell for new users." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title msgid "NOTES" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/skel/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the <_:filename-1/> directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in <_:filename-2/> or on the command line)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP, <_:command-1/> will deny the user account creation request." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "ls" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, dashes, or dots. They can end with a dollar sign. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username. Fully numeric usernames and usernames . or .. are also disallowed. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning with . character as their home directories will be hidden in the <_:command-1/> output." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "Usernames may only be up to 256 characters long." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Default values for account creation." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-pre.d/*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/useradd-post.d/*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "<_:filename-1/>, <_:filename-2/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "ACTION" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "SUBJECT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "useradd-pre.d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "useradd-post.d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Run-part files to execute during user addition. The environment variable <_:command-1/> will be populated with useradd and <_:command-2/> with the <_:command-3/>. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user addition. <_:filename-5/> will execute after user addition. If a script exits non-zero then execution will terminate." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Directory containing default files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "can't update password file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "UID already in use (and no <_:option-1/>)" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "username or group name already in use" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "can't create home directory" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "14" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "can't update SELinux user mapping" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "19" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "invalid user or group name" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:citerefentry-9/>, <_:phrase-10/> <_:citerefentry-11/>, <_:citerefentry-12/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "delete a user account and related files" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name <_:emphasis-2/>. The named user must exist." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This option forces the removal of the user account and any other requested actions, skipping any safety checks." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "<_:emphasis-1/> This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--remove" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with the home directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files located in other file systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The mail spool is defined by the <_:option-1/> variable in the <_:filename-2/> file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Remove any SELinux user mapping for the user's login." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-pre.d/*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/filename msgid "/etc/shadow-maint/userdel-post.d/*" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "userdel-pre.d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "userdel-post.d" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Run-part files to execute during user deletion. The environment variable <_:command-1/> will be populated with <_:command-2/> and <_:command-3/> with the username. <_:filename-4/> will be executed prior to any user deletion. <_:filename-5/> will execute after user deletion. If a script exits non-zero then execution will terminate." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "specified user doesn't exist" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "user currently logged in" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "can't remove home directory" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:command-1/> will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user's password or account and remove the account later. The <_:option-2/> option can force the deletion of this account." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "You should manually check all file systems to ensure that no files remain owned by this user." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client. This must be performed on the NIS server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "If <_:option-1/> is defined to <_:emphasis-2/> in <_:filename-3/>, <_:command-4/> will delete the group with the same name as the user. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, <_:command-5/> will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise. The <_:option-6/> option can force the deletion of this group." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/>, <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:citerefentry-7/>, <_:citerefentry-8/>, <_:phrase-9/> <_:citerefentry-10/>, <_:citerefentry-11/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "modify a user account" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> command modifies the system account files." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:option-1/> option." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "update the comment field of the user in <_:filename-1/>, which is normally modified using the <_:citerefentry-2/> utility." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "--home" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The user's new login directory." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If the <_:option-1/> option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Specifies the date on which the user account will be disabled. The value can be specified as a date in the YYYY-MM-DD format or as a number of days since 1970-01-01. The date is interpreted using the UTC timezone." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "An input of -1 or an empty string blanks the account expiration field in the shadow password file. The account will remain available with no expiration date." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This option requires the <_:filename-1/> file. If no entry exists in the <_:filename-2/> file, the system will automatically create one." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Defines the number of days after a password exceeds its maximum age during which the user can still log in by immediately changing their password. If the user does not change their password within this period of time, their account becomes inactive. This value is stored in the shadow password file." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This option requires the <_:filename-1/> file. If no entry exist in the <_:filename-2/> file, the system will automatically create one." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The name or numerical ID of the user's new primary group. The group must exist." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Any file from the user's home directory owned by the previous primary group of the user will be owned by this new group." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The group ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed manually." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/filename msgid "/" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as <_:filename-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups must exist." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the <_:option-1/> option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "NEW_LOGIN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The name of the user will be changed from <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:replaceable-2/>. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "-L" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> to <_:replaceable-2/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--move-home" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "moves the content of the user's home directory to the new location. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This option is only valid in combination with the <_:option-1/> (or <_:option-2/>) option." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "<_:command-1/> will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "defines a new password for the user. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by <_:citerefentry-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "<_:emphasis-1/> Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The password will be written in the local <_:filename-1/> or <_:filename-2/> file. This might differ from the password database configured in your PAM configuration." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Remove the user from named supplementary group(s). Use only with the <_:option-1/> option." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Apply changes within the directory tree starting with <_:replaceable-1/> and use as well the configuration files located there. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "changes the user's login shell. An empty string for SHELL empties the field in <_:filename-1/> and logs the user into the system's default shell." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The new value of the user's ID." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This value must be unique, unless the <_:option-1/> option is used. The value must be non-negative." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The user's mailbox, and any files which the user owns and which are located in the user's home directory will have the file user ID changed automatically." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The ownership of files outside of the user's home directory must be fixed manually." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as <_:filename-1/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted password. You can't use this option with <_:option-1/> or <_:option-2/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/replaceable msgid "99999" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the <_:replaceable-1/> (for example to <_:replaceable-2/>, or to the <_:option-3/> value from <_:filename-4/>)." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-v" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "--add-subuids" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "FIRST" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/replaceable msgid "LAST" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: varlistentry/term msgid "<_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/> <_:replaceable-3/>-<_:replaceable-4/>" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user's account." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "SUB_UID_MIN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "SUB_UID_MAX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "SUB_UID_COUNT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "No checks will be performed with regard to <_:option-1/>, <_:option-2/>, or <_:option-3/> from /etc/login.defs." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "-V" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "--del-subuids" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "--add-subgids" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "SUB_GID_MIN" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "SUB_GID_MAX" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "SUB_GID_COUNT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "--del-subgids" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user's account. When both <_:option-1/> and <_:option-2/> are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--add-subids" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Add subordinate uids and gids to the user's account." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "An appropriate uid and gid range is automatically selected from /etc/login.defs defaults." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "defines the SELinux user to be mapped with <_:replaceable-1/>. An empty string (\"\") will remove the respective entry (if any). Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-user, it uses semanage(8) for that." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "defines the SELinux MLS range for the new account. Note that the shadow system doesn't store the selinux-range, it uses <_:citerefentry-1/> for that." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. <_:command-1/> checks this on Linux. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "crontab" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "at" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "You must change the owner of any <_:command-1/> files or <_:command-2/> jobs manually." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS server." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Group account information" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Secure group account information" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Shadow password suite configuration" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "User account information" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Secure user account information" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Per user subordinate group IDs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Per user subordinate user IDs" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refname #. (itstool) path: cmdsynopsis/command #. (itstool) path: para/command msgid "vigr" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refnamediv/refpurpose msgid "edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/envar msgid "$VISUAL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: para/envar msgid "$EDITOR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "vi" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands edit the files <_:filename-3/> and <_:filename-4/>, respectively. With the <_:option-5/> flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, <_:filename-6/> and <_:filename-7/>, respectively. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable <_:envar-8/>, then the environment variable <_:envar-9/>, and finally the default editor, <_:citerefentry-10/>." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "The options which apply to the <_:command-1/> and <_:command-2/> commands are:" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--group" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Edit group database." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--passwd" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Edit passwd database." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "--shadow" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Edit shadow or gshadow database." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Indicates which user's tcb shadow file to edit." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/title msgid "ENVIRONMENT" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option #. (itstool) path: para/option msgid "VISUAL" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Editor to be used." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: term/option msgid "EDITOR" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: listitem/para msgid "Editor to be used if <_:option-1/> is not set." msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: citerefentry/refentrytitle msgid "tcb" msgstr "" #. (itstool) path: refsect1/para msgid "<_:citerefentry-1/>, <_:citerefentry-2/>, <_:citerefentry-3/> <_:citerefentry-4/>, <_:citerefentry-5/>, <_:citerefentry-6/>, <_:citerefentry-7/>." msgstr ""